캐나다 시민권(Citizenship)
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캐나다의 정치제도(政治制度)
24. 캐나다 시민권(Citizenship)
지금(2001년)으로부터 약 54년전(2차세계대전)까지만 해도 캐나디언(Canadian)은 캐나다 시민권자가 아닌 캐나다에 거주하는 영국국민으로 생각되었습니다. 그러나 첫 번째 Citizenship Act에 의해 독립된 시민권제도가 도입되었고, 1997년은 독립된 시민권제도를 도입한지 50주년이 되는 해가 되었습니다.
캐나다 시민권제도는 내각의 한 장관이었던 Paul Martin Sr.의 큰 노력으로 도입하게 되었습니다. 프랑스의 한 군인묘지를 방문하는 동안, 세계대전이 종료되는 몇 달동안 Martin은 평화와 자유를 위해 싸우다 자신의 생명을 바친 캐나디언들을 새긴 나무십자가 사이를 지나가게 되었습니다. Martin은 묘비에 새긴 인종과 종교적 배경이 다른 이름둘에 특히 주목하게 되었습니다. 그는 이런 차이점에도 불구하고 이들은 자기가 소중히 여기고 믿고 있는 그 나라를 위해 모두 싸웠고 함께 죽었다는 것을 깨달았습니다. Martin은 그들의 희생에 경의를 표시하기 위해서 독립된 시민권제도를 도입하기를 주장하는 끊임없는 활동을 시작했습니다. 1947년 1월 1일, 분리된 캐나다인 정체성, 캐나다인 여성의 새로운 권리, 캐나다 자체의 여권을 가지고 캐나다인 시민권제도(the Canadian Citizenship Act)가 도입되었습니다.
캐나다 시민권은 캐나다의 일부가 되는 것을 의미합니다. 캐나다시민이 된다는 것은 여러분에게 무엇을 의미하는지 생각해 보시기를 바랍니다. 예를 들어 여러분은 다음과 같은 질문을 여러분 자신에게 할 수가 있을겁니다.
- What would make me proud to be a Canadian citizen?
- What responsibilities will I have when I am a Canadian citizen?
- What can I do to show that citizenship is important to me?
캐나다 시민이 되기위한 전제 조건
- 18세 또는 이상일 것
- 법적으로 인정받은 영주자일 것
- 지난 4년중 3년이상을 캐나다내에서 거주했을 것
- 영어 또는 프랑스어를 구사할 수 있을 것
- (캐나다 정부에서 나누어 주는) 시민권 관련 안내책자의 캐나다 관련 기본 내용을 알고 있을 것
캐나다 시민권을 청구하면 연방정부는 여러분의 신청서, 현재 신분상태, 범죄경력 여부를 검토합니다. 이 과정은 몇 달이 소요되며(번역 주: 통상 6개월 이상), 연방정부에서 여러분에게 언제, 어디서 시험을 볼 것인지 알려주는 "Notice to Appear"를 보냅니다.
시민권 시험은 여러분의 캐나다에 대한 여러분의 지식, 시민권에 대한 여러분의 권리와 의무를 이해하고 있는지 여부, 영어 또는 프랑스어로 말할 수 있는지 여러분의 능력을 시험하는 것입니다. 시민권 시험은 필기시험이며 여러분은 캐나다의 역사, 지리, 정부, 투표, 시민권의 권리 및 의무 등에 대하여 질문을 받게 됩니다. 예를 들어 "캐나다에는 몇 개의 주와 준주가 있는가?"등의 질문을 받게될 것이며, 여러분은 시민권 안내책자의 연방,주,준주에 대한 내용을 공부하고 대답해야 할 겁니다. 만약에 여러분이 시민권 시험을 통과했다면 "Notice to Appera to Take the Oath of Citizenship"을 받게될 거이며, 이것은 시민권 수여식이 있을 날짜, 시간 및 장소를 안내해 줄 겁니다. 시민권 수여식에서 여러분은 "the Oath of Citizenship"을 선서하고 the Oath form에 사인을 하고 시민권을 받게 될 겁니다.
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Oath of Citizenship | |
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I swear (or affirm) that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth the second, Queen of Canada, Her Heirs and Successors, and that I will faithfully observe the laws of Canada and fulfill my duties as a Canadian citizen. |
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Determine your eligibility – Citizenship
To be eligible to become a Canadian citizen, you must meet the conditions in all these areas:
- age,
- permanent resident status,
- time you have lived in Canada,
- language skills,
- criminal history (prohibitions) and
- how well you know Canada.
As a result of 2014 changes to the Citizenship Act, if you have served in or with the Canadian Armed Forces, you might be able to apply through a fast-track process. We look at how long you have served our country, instead of how long you lived in Canada. Foreign military members do not need to be a permanent resident of Canada.
Age
You must be at least 18 years old to apply. 최소 18세 이상
To apply for citizenship for a child under 18:
- you must be the child’s parent, adoptive parent or legal guardian,
- the child must be a permanent resident, and
- one parent must be a Canadian citizen or apply to become a citizen at the same time (this also applies to adoptive parents).
Permanent resident status
You must have permanent resident (PR) status in Canada. Your PR status must not be in question. That means you must not be:
- under review for immigration or fraud reasons, or
- under a removal order (an order from Canadian officials to leave Canada).
You do not need to have a PR card to apply for citizenship. If you have a PR card, but it is expired, you can still apply for citizenship.
Time you have lived in Canada
You must have resided in Canada for at least three years (1,095 days) in the past four years before you apply. This does not apply to children under 18.
신청하기 전 4년 중 3년(1095일) 이상 캐나다에서 거주해야 함. 18세 이하 어린이에게는 적용 안됨.
You may be able to count time you spent in Canada before you became a permanent resident if it was during the past four years.
Use our online tool to find out if you have lived in Canada long enough to apply to become a citizen.
Language abilities
Canada has two official languages—English and French. To become a citizen, you must show that you have adequate knowledge of one of these languages. In general, this means you can:
- take part in short, everyday conversations about common topics;
- understand simple instructions, questions and directions;
- use basic grammar, including simple structures and tenses; and
- show that you know enough common words and phrases to answer questions and express yourself.
If you are between 18 and 54, you must send documents with your citizenship application that prove you can speakand listen in English or French at this level. Use our wizard to see if you have the proof we will accept. The citizenship application guide also contains the type of proof we will accept.
Second, we will note how well you communicate when you talk to staff or a citizenship officer interviews you.
A citizenship officer will make the final decision on your application, including how well you can communicate in English or French.
Criminal history (prohibitions)
You cannot become a citizen if you:
- have been convicted of an indictable (criminal) offence or an offence under the Citizenship Act in the three years before you apply,
- are currently charged with an offence under the Citizenship Act,
- are in prison, on parole or on probation,
- are under a removal order (Canadian officials have ordered you to leave Canada),
- are being investigated for, are charged with, or have been convicted of a war crime or a crime against humanity, or
- have had your Canadian citizenship taken away in the past five years.
If you are on probation or are charged with a crime and waiting for a trial, you should wait until after the probation is done or your trial is over to apply to become a citizen.
Time in prison or on parole does not count as time you have lived in Canada. Time on probation also does not count if you were convicted of a crime.
If you were on probation due to a conditional discharge, that time may be counted toward the time you have lived in Canada. For details, contact the Call Centre.
How well you know Canada
To become a citizen, you must understand the rights, responsibilities and privileges of citizenship, such as voting in elections and obeying the law. You must also show you understand Canada’s:
- history,
- values,
- institutions and
- symbols.
If you are between 18-54 when you apply for citizenship, you will need to take a test to show you have adequate knowledge of Canada and the responsibilities and privileges of citizenship. All you need to know for the test is in our free study guide, Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship. We will send you a copy of it once we get your application. The questions in the citizenship test are based on this study guide.
(이상 복사 자료: 2015년 5월 21일 현재)
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Remaining Citizenship Act reforms coming into force
June 5, 2015 — Ottawa, ON — A final suite of reforms to strengthen and modernize Canada's citizenship laws will be fully in force as of June 11, 2015. The changes – part of a package of measures approved by Parliament last year – ensure new citizens can fully and quickly participate in Canada's economy and Canadian society.
The first set of provisions that came into force last summer to strengthen Canadian citizenship and speed up application processing times are already paying off. New citizenship applications are being finalized in a year or less, and it is expected that the backlog of older files will have been eliminated by the end of this fiscal year. Individuals who submitted a citizenship application before April 1, 2015 will have a decision by March 31, 2016.
Among the many benefits of the government's citizenship reforms, the new provisions will deter citizens of convenience – those who become citizens for the sake of having a Canadian passport to return to Canada to access taxpayer-funded benefits that come with citizenship status, without having any attachment to Canada, or contributing to the economy.
Key changes include (in force June 11, 2015): <-- 2015년 6월 11일 부터 시행
*Adult applicants must now be physically present in Canada for at least 1,460 days (four years) during the six years before the date of their application, and they must be physically present in Canada for at least 183 days in each of four calendar years within the qualifying period. This is aimed at ensuring that citizenship applicants develop a strong attachment to Canada.
--> 시민권 신청을 하는 직전 6년 중 4년을 캐나다에서 살아야 하며, 매년 183일 이상 캐나다에서 거주해야 함.
*Applicants between the ages of 14 and 64 must meet basic knowledge and language requirements. This is aimed at ensuring that more new citizens are better prepared for life in Canada.
--> 14세에서 64세 신청자는 기본 지식과 언어 요구 조건을 만족시켜야 함.
*Citizenship will be automatically extended to additional “Lost Canadians” on June 11th, who were born before 1947, and did not become citizens on January 1, 1947 when the first Canadian Citizenship Act came into effect. This will also apply to their children born in the first generation outside Canada.
*Adult applicants must declare their intent to reside in Canada once they become citizens and meet their personal income tax obligations in order to be eligible for citizenship.
--> 성인 신청자는 세금 보고를 해야 하며 시민권을 자격을 위해 개인 소득세 의무를 만족시켜야 함.
*To help improve program integrity, there are now stronger penalties for fraud and misrepresentation (to a maximum fine of $100,000 and/or up to five years in prison). This is aimed at deterring unscrupulous applicants who are prepared to misrepresent themselves, or advise others to do so.
--> 프로그램의 무결성을 향상시키기 위하여 사기 또는 허위 진술을 한 사람에게는 더 강력한 벌칙을 줌. (최대 10만불 벌금 또는 5년 이하 징역형)
*The newly-designated Immigration Consultants of Canada Regulatory Council (ICCRC) is the new regulatory body for citizenship consultants. Only members of the ICCRC, lawyers or notaries (including paralegals and students at law) can be paid to provide citizenship applicants with representation or advice.
*New application forms, aligned with the new rules for eligibility, will be available on the CIC website as of June 11, 2015. Any applications received using the old forms and applications received after June 10, 2015 will be returned to the applicant.
Quotes
--> 6월 11일 부터 새로운 시민권 신청서가 준비되어 있고, 6월 10일 이후에는 구양식을 사용하여 시민권 신청을 하면 서류가 반환됨.
“Our reforms ensure new citizens are better prepared for full participation in Canada's economy and Canadian society. This is a win for newcomers, and a win for Canada in terms of making the most of the opportunities that our fair and generous immigration system provides.”
“We are eliminating long backlogs, and streamlining our own processes. At the same time, we are ensuring Canadian citizenship is highly valued and stays that way. Promise made, promise kept when it comes to strengthening the value of Canadian citizenship.”
- Chris Alexander, Canada's Citizenship and Immigration Minister -
